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AimsThis paper provides a concise review of the efficacy, effectiveness and affordability of health‐care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation, in order to inform national guideline development and assist countries in planning their provision of tobacco cessation support.
MethodsCochrane reviews of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of major health‐care tobacco cessation interventions...
Background and aimsBrief alcohol interventions in medical settings are efficacious in improving self‐reported alcohol consumption among those with low‐severity alcohol problems. Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment initiatives presume that brief interventions are efficacious in linking patients to higher levels of care, but pertinent evidence has not been evaluated. We estimated...
AimsTo (i) describe an intervention implemented in response to the HIV‐1 outbreak among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) in Greece (ARISTOTLE programme), (ii) assess its success in identifying and testing this population and (iii) describe socio‐demographic characteristics, risk behaviours and access to treatment/prevention, estimate HIV prevalence and identify risk factors, as assessed at the first...
AimsThis paper describes the current situation regarding gambling in Singapore in relation to its historical and cultural context.
MethodsA computerized search was performed of two databases (PubMed and PsychINFO) and the reference lists from the papers searched manually to identify relevant studies. The findings were synthesized and their implications assessed.
ResultsIn addition to state lotteries...
AimsTo test (1) whether abstinence and reduction in illicit psychoactive drug use were associated with changes in health outcomes in primary care patients and (2) whether these associations varied by drug type.
DesignSecondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial that tested a brief intervention for drug use in primary care patients (589 enrolled, 574 completed a 6‐month assessment)...
AimsTo investigate age, period and cohort effects on time trends of alcohol‐related mortality in countries with different drinking habits and alcohol policies.
Design and settingAge–period–cohort (APC) analyses on alcohol‐related mortality were conducted in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, France and Germany.
ParticipantsCases included alcohol‐related deaths in the age range 20–84 years between...
AimsAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), the total amount of alcohol consumed in the African region is expected to increase due to the growth of new alcohol consumers, especially young people and women. With the changing alcohol environment, increases in the alcohol‐attributable burden of disease are inevitable. To our knowledge, there has not been a comprehensive analysis of the factors...
Background and aimsAlthough increases in subjective alcohol craving have been observed following moderate doses of alcohol (e.g. priming effects), the effects of alcohol consumption on behavioral economic demand for alcohol are largely unstudied. This study examined the effects of alcohol intoxication on alcohol demand and craving.
DesignA between‐subjects design in which participants were randomly...
AimsThe dental setting is a potentially valuable venue for screening for substance misuse. Therefore, we assessed dentists’ inquiry of substance misuse through their patient medical history forms and their agreement with the compatibility of screening as part of the dentists’ professional role.
DesignA nationally representative survey of general dentists using a sampling frame obtained from the American...
AimTo assess the relative frequency of reporting of adverse events involving ventricular arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation or torsade de pointes to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between buprenorphine and methadone.
DesignRetrospective pharmacoepidemiological study.
SettingAdverse drug events reported spontaneously to the FDA between 1969 and June 2011...
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